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片岡仁左衛門×坂東玉三郎 奇跡の「国宝コンビ」のすべて

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Culture

2025.01.25

The King of Jomon Pottery: The Six Secrets of the ‘Flame-style Pottery’

The ‘Flame-style Pottery’ (Kaen-gata Doki; 火焰型土器) from the Jomon (縄文) period, discovered in Niigata Prefecture, is the only Jomon pottery recognized as a National Treasure. It dates back to the Middle Jomon period, approximately 5,300 years ago, and was created for only about 500 years. As a representative piece of Jomon pottery, it often appears in history textbooks, yet surprisingly, many people are unaware of its features and origins. In this article, we will introduce six key things you should know about the ‘Flame-style Pottery.’

縄文土器の王様「火焰型土器」知っておきたい6つのこと‘Flame-style Pottery (Number 1)’, National Treasure, Tokamachi City (十日町市), Niigata Prefecture, Sasayama excavation site (笹山遺跡), Middle Jomon period, 46.5cm high (Lent by Niigata Prefecture and Tokamachi City Museum)

1.Not actually the animal it was thought to look like?

The most distinctive feature is the four large ‘cockscomb-like protrusions’ (keito kan tokki; 鶏頭冠突起). They resemble a chicken’s comb, but there are no records of chickens being present in this era or region. It is said that the design may represent either a ‘fish jumping on the water’s surface’ or a ‘four-legged animal.’ The protrusions are found in both left- and right-facing directions.

2. It was found upside down

In 1982, it was excavated from the Sasayama excavation site (笹山遺跡) in Tokamachi City, Niigata Prefecture. The vessel was discovered upside down, with the cockscomb-like protrusions facing downward. Both the protrusions and the tail were found to be in almost perfect condition. While the lower body and base were missing, fragments were searched for over a period of four years, and the vessel was fully restored to its original shape.

3. The first chemical product of humankind?!

Clay was mixed with minerals and fibers, then fired at low temperatures to create hard vessels. Jomon pottery was the first instance of humans applying chemical processes to produce something. Unlike carving stone or bone, it was revolutionary because the shape could be adjusted during the shaping process. This innovation led to the creation of uniquely crafted forms.

4. What’s the secret behind the jagged edges?

縄文土器の王様「火焰型土器」知っておきたい6つのこと

Another characteristic of the flame-style pottery is the jagged edge, resembling a sawtooth, along the rim. This jagged edge is the origin of the name ‘flame (kaen; 火焰)’. To further highlight this distinctive design, the rim is outlined with clay cords, adding to its visual appeal.

5. It’s Not ‘Jomon’

縄文土器の王様「火焰型土器」知っておきたい6つのこと

Although it’s a piece of Jomon pottery, the typical ‘Jomon (縄文)’, referring to the rope-patterned decoration, is absent. Instead, the surface of the body is covered with raised lines (ryusen; 隆線) and coils in swirling patterns, resembling clay cords. The style of the flame-shaped pottery is characterised by ‘having a comb and sawteeth, but no rope patterns.’

6. It Was Actually Used for Cooking

縄文土器の王様「火焰型土器」知っておきたい6つのこと

The presence of scorch marks (carbonised material) and discoloration on the interior of the vessel suggests that it was used for cooking food and removing scum. The staple food of the Jomon people was nuts, and it seems that dishes combining acorns, walnuts, and animal-based ingredients were also prepared.

This article is translated from https://intojapanwaraku.com/rock/art-rock/2066/

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最新号紹介

2,3月号2024.12.27発売

片岡仁左衛門×坂東玉三郎 奇跡の「国宝コンビ」のすべて

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